Air Defense at Scale

Jack Oswald, Founder and CEO of Singularity, believes the deadliest bottleneck in modern warfare is manufacturing.

Few founders are better prepared to build the future of air defense than Jack. Growing up, he fell in love with rockets and the space industry: he started building rocket motors in middle school, spending every day he could at amateur rocket sites in Mojave, CA. He studied Aerospace Engineering at MIT, and worked at SpaceX, Tesla, and the earliest days of Impulse Space. He was in graduate school at Stanford aiming to build a satellite company, but as conflicts escalated across the globe and a global air defense shortage became apparent, he realized there was a more important mission to focus on.

So, he went to Ukraine.

There, he met with the Ministry of Defense, General Staff, and air defenders. He learned that the majority of the half-million-plus casualties in Ukraine were potentially avoidable. The munitions that were incurring the most losses weren’t the ones in the headlines at the time; they were simple weapons easily defeated by conventional air defense systems: reconnaissance drones, glide bombs, Shahed-style attack drones, loitering munitions, and quadcopters. Yet the Stinger missile that cost roughly $30,000 on its early production runs costs over $1M internationally today. But cost hides the real problem, and that’s the order-of-magnitude mismatch in air defense production volume versus the threats taking lives today.

This is one of the most urgent and consequential engineering problems the U.S. and its allies face.

In an effort to bulk up against the threats seen in Ukraine and the Middle East, the US Army plans to buy 6,700 drone interceptors (opens in new tab) between 2025 and 2029. Meanwhile, Ukrainian intelligence expects Russia alone to build 110,000 long-range drones (opens in new tab) in 2026. Most concerningly, looking ahead to a potential conflict in the Pacific, China has ordered over a million such attack drones. Air defense technology isn’t the problem. It’s the capacity to build enough to matter, cheaply enough to sustain, and quickly enough to protect the warfighters in the line of fire today.

Enter Singularity.

Air defense used to be an exotic capability; today it is an unavailable utility. Every military base, refinery, and power plant needs it. Every data center will need it, sooner than most operators realize, because a few ten-thousand-dollar munitions, launched from over a thousand kilometers away, can destroy or disable a facility that took years and hundreds of millions of dollars to build.

We are excited and proud to co-lead Singularity’s Series A, alongside Khosla Ventures.

Singularity is not trying to “out-science” anyone on the physics of flight. They are entirely focused on building the right interceptor for the mission, at the right price, in very large numbers, and getting them into the hands of the United States and its allies as quickly and safely as possible. Air defense, in their words, is pure good, and the only constraint on pure good is how many units they can produce.

Singularity is solving manufacturing’s oldest problems: cost, reliability, and throughput. We saw the evidence on the shop floor. The people making decisions are not typical executives. They are out on the assembly line, and many of them have spent decades in automotive manufacturing, learning the science of process improvement. They try to shave one percent off a cycle time, one percent off the mass of a unit, and watch their advances compound into a better product. Their belief in the mission is what propels them forward.

The team at Singularity is every bit as impressive as the mission. Jack (opens in new tab)'s Co-Founder and COO, Shail Giroux (opens in new tab), built and sold a farming robotics company at seventeen, then went to Anduril. Todd Morrow (opens in new tab), VP of Business Development, was the last short-range air defense (SHORAD) commander in the Army (the SHORAD program was cancelled in the 2000s before being rapidly stood back up in recent years) and then sold roughly twelve billion dollars of air defense systems at Lockheed. Singularity’s manufacturing lead stood up the Model X line at Tesla. Their hardware lead came out of SpaceX and ABL Space. Their head of propulsion scaled rocket motor production at NAVSEA Indian Head before scaling the rocket motor program at Ursa Major. The rest of the team comes from SpaceX, Tesla, Anduril, Raytheon, Lockheed, and Toyota.

World-class talent has bet on Singularity because they believe in the mission. They understand that every system they ship will protect people. It’s extraordinarily rare to have this level of impact as an engineer. Moreover, Singularity’s culture is one of radical ownership, uncompromising integrity, and the conviction that exceptional teams built on trust and responsibility can accomplish extraordinary things. Culture is one variable among many, but we think it carries outsize weight. Founders like Jack and Shail, who are this deliberate about culture this early on, tend to build companies that endure.

The problem Singularity solves is no longer theoretical. In September 2025, analysts at the Center for a New American Security published a report (opens in new tab)on drone defense that found that the United States “lacks sufficient purpose-built counter-drone systems, large reserves of affordable interceptors, and a modern short-range air defense capacity.” Their recommendation: buy low-cost kinetic interceptors and stockpile them.

Singularity is building the manufacturing capacity that modern defense requires. We’re so proud to back Jack, Shail, and the Singularity team, and can’t wait to see what they build.